jeudi 7 février 2019

Is Islam compatible with democracy?



Islamic law is absolutely incompatible with true democracy. It is a theocratic system with Allah alone at its head. Allah's law is interpreted by a ruling body of clerics. There is no room for a secular political system in which all people are treated as equals.


Quran

Quran (33:36) - "It is not fitting for a Believer, man or woman, when a matter has been decided by Allah and His Messenger to have any option about their decision."
Quran (18:26) - "Allah... makes none to share in His Decision and His Rule"
Quran (45:21) - "What! Do those who seek after evil ways think that We shall hold them equal with those who believe and do righteous deeds,- that equal will be their life and their death? Ill is the judgment that they make." Unbelievers are not equal to Muslims. This is dutifully reflected in Islamic law.
Quran (5:44) - "Whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed is among the disbelievers."  A government run by "true" Muslims is a theocracy.  Anything less, including democracy or secularism, is a sign of apostasy.  This is why terrorists feel justified in their fight for an Islamic state.
Quran (39:9) - "Are those who know equal to those who know not?"
Quran (4:141) - "...And never will Allah grant to the unbelievers a way (to triumphs) over the believers." This is at odds with democracy, which allows anyone to serve in a position of power over others regardless of religious belief.
Quran (63:8) - "...might (power) belongs to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers;" ie. not to anyone else.
Quran (5:49) - "So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires, but beware of them lest they seduce thee from some part of that which Allah hath revealed unto thee" Allah's Quran takes priority over the desires of the people. A democratic nation is by nature one that is not governed by Islamic law, meaning that a Muslim citizen would have divided loyalty. It's clear from this verse which side he must choose.
Quran (12:40) - "...Allah hath sent down no authority: the command is for none but Allah..." Sometimes translated as "None have the right to legislate except Allah."
Quran (4:123) - "Not your desires, nor those of the People of the Book (can prevail): whoever works evil, will be requited accordingly. Nor will he find, besides Allah, any protector or helper."
Quran (4:59) - "O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority from among you..."Obedience is strictly limited to a government drawn from believers, not from the broader community. This verse has also been used to justify submission to autocratic rule, however oppressive it may by. As an Arab tradition put is: "tyranny is better than anarchy."
Quran (9:3) - "...Allah and his messenger are free from obligation to the unbelievers..."Muhammad used this "revelation" to dissolve a standing treaty and chase non-Muslims from their homes if they wouldn't accept Islam. This practice would be incompatible with democratic rule, in which everyone is considered equal. 

Hadith and Sira

Sahih Muslim (19:4294) - "When you meet your enemies who are polytheists [Christians...], invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withhold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them ... If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them" Non-Muslims are intended to be subordinate to Muslims.

Sahih Bukhari (88:219) - "Never will succeed such a nation as makes a woman their ruler." 

Sahih Bukhari (89:251) - Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah, and whoever obeys the ruler I appoint, obeys me, and whoever disobeys him, disobeys me." The ruler referred to here is the Caliph, who is appointed by Allah, not by popular election. Democratic rule has no legitimacy against the will of the Caliph who, as we see by chain of reference, has the authority of Allah.

Tariq Ramadan (A Leading European Islamic Theologian - and accused rapist): My brothers and sisters, we must exploit the so-called democracy and freedom of speech here in the West to reach our goals. Our prophet Mohammed, peace be upon him and the Koran teach us that we must use ever conceivable means and opportunity to defeat the enemies of Allah. Tell the infidels in public; we respect your laws and your constitutions, which we Muslims believe that these are as worthless as the paper they are written on. The only law we must respect and apply is the Sharia.  (Speaking at the Islamic Center in Bielefeld, Germany on May 21, 2008)

Notes

To quote the renowned Muslim Brotherhood cleric, Sayyid Qutb, "It is Allah and not man who rules. Allah is the source of all authority, including legitimate political authority. Virtue, not freedom, is the highest value. Therefore, Allah's law should govern the society; not man's."
This is echoed by two recent fatwas posted on Islam Q&A, both of which state that democracy is "contrary to Islam."  Number 07166 says that "Democracy is a man-made system, meaning rule by the people of the people.... [In Islam] rule is for Allah and it is not permissible to give legislative rights to any human being."  Number 98134 adds that democracy "is at war with Islam and its followers," effectively sanctioning violence for the cause of Sharia.
Islamic law is based on the Quran and the Sunnah,which are set and fixed. Laws made by fallible men (particularly non-Muslims) are not necessary; government need only apply Islamic law. Nor should democratic rule take the place of Allah's perfect law, which tells us everything we need to know about daily life (down to which hand a man should "hold it in" while urinating).
If Allah is not the authority then anything less is a secular dictatorship, including rule even by a Muslim populace. As an American-Muslim jurist complained in a recent fatwa, "Democracy gives free reign to the authority of the Ummah, and puts no ceiling on it."
Also, the law of one person, one vote is essential to democracy but heretical to Islam. According to the Quran, the testimony of a woman is worth only half that of a man, and Jews and Christians are never to have equal standing with Muslims under the law (and certainly never to be in a position of authority over Muslims). Atheists are to be killed outright.
Reform-minded Muslims prefer to ignore all of this and instead point to Quran (42:38), which contains the phrase "[Muslims] who (conduct) their affairs by mutual consultation." Also recruited as as evidence that Islam is compatible with democracy is a weaker (non Sahih) hadith in which Muhammad supposedly says, "My community will never agree on an error." On this, is based the much ballyhooed concept of "ijma" or consensus among Muslims for determining matters of Islamic law.
But ijma, has always been controversial and rarely practiced within Islam. Some interpret it to mean "consensus of the scholars" - having nothing to do with the opinion of the community at large. Even when its legitimacy is recognized, ijma is accepted only as a secondary (or tertiary) form of authority, behind the fiqh councils.
Also, it bears pointing out that ijma and consultation are applicable only within the Muslim community (and probably limited to the "consensus" of males).  For example the main Islamic party in Malaysia, often held up as an example of 'moderation', said, in 2018, that, in a well-run government, Muslims make decisions while non-Muslims carry out what has been decided.
American scholar Jamal Badawi (who is often billed as a 'moderate') says that it is the duty of Muslims to bring about Islamic rule: "The Quran is full of direct and indirect, implicit and many times explicit indications that show that the establishment of the Islamic order is a requirement on Muslims whenever possible." He also scoffs at secularism: “If a Muslim believes that there is any human being who has the right to make laws other than Allah then obviously this is total divergence from the path of Islam. Or any person who believes that secularism is superior to the law of Allah, he's violating the basic Quranic tenets" 
In 2017, the Islamic State published an infographic presenting 10 reasons why democracy and Sharia contradict each other.  While most other Islamic scholars may not agree with the tactics of IS, all of the points made seem solid.
That same year, the top Muslim religious advisor for the Australian armed forces was revealed to be not only in support of an Islamic extremist group, but an advocate for Shari a law over democracy.  Sharia is not the fringe issue that apologists often pretend it to be.
Even Linda Sarsour, a Muslim-American personality who is normally savvy, called for "Jihad" and told an audience of co-religionists at an ISNA convention in 2017 that "Our top priority is to protect and defend our community [ie. we Muslims] and not to assimilate or please any other people or authority. Our top priority is to please Allah and only Allah".
When the list of 57 OIC member states is compared EIU's Democracy Index, over half (32) are authoritarian regimes, and only six are "flawed democracies."  None are full democracies.
Muhammad and the caliphs who succeeded him ruled on Allah's authority and did not submit their decisions to the will of the people. Neither is there any tradition of democracy in the 1400 year history of Islam in the Middle East and Persia. If the entire world became Muslim overnight, it is highly doubtful that democracy would last, since it would be applicable only to the most mundane of matters not already decided by Islamic law.
As another cleric, Sufi Muhammad, recently put it, "True Islam permits neither elections, nor democracy."
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The Quran

Was it really the eternal word of God to Mankind?

The Muslim claim is based on circular reasoning:

We know the Quran was from Allah because Muhammad said so and we know that Muhammad spoke for Allah because the Quran says so.


The Quran


About the Quran


Science


Terrorism

Human Rights


Women's Rights


Moral Issues



Estimated Chronology of the Quran

Suras from Mecca
96, 68, 73, 74, 111, 81, 87, 92, 89, 93, 94, 103, 100, 108, 102, 107, 109, 105,113,114,112,53,80,97,91,85,95, 106,101,75, 104,77,50,90,86,54,38,7,72,36,25,
35, 19,20, 56,26,27, 28, 17, 10, 11, 12, 15, 6, 37, 31, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
 46, 51, 88, 18, 16, 71, 14, 21, 23, 32, 52, 67, 69, 70, 78, 79, 82, 84, 83, 29
Suras from Medina
2, 8, 3, 33, 60, 4, 99, 57, 47, 13, 55, 76, 65, 98, 59, 110, 24, 22, 63, 58, 49, 66, 61, 62, 64, 48, 9, 5


Loyalty to a 
Non-Islamic Government

Does Islam teach that Muslims should be loyal to a non-Muslim government?

Many Muslims are loyal to the non-Muslim countries in which they live, of course, but it is in spite of Islamic teaching. Unlike other faiths, Islam is not just a religion but also a political system. The state is intended to be inseparable from religious rule. Islamic law, or Sharia, is complete and not designed to coexist with or be subordinate to other legal systems.
Muslims are not meant to be ruled by non-Muslims. The Quran is very clear that they are to resist unbelievers by any means, until Islam establishes political supremacy. This doesn't mean that everyone must be forced to become Muslim, but rather that everyone must submit to the supremacy of Islam.

Quran

Quran (5:3) - "This day have I perfected your religion for you." This verse is often interpreted to mean that any government outside of Sharia is unnecessary at best, and corruptive at worst.
Quran (18:26) - "[Allah] maketh none to share in his government." This was probably intended as a slam against polytheists and the Christian belief in the Trinity, but it has been used as the basis for criticizing secular government.
Quran (19:64) - "And we do not descend but by the command of your Lord; to Him belongs whatever is before us and whatever is behind us and whatever is between these, and your Lord is not forgetful."
Quran (4:141) - "...And never will Allah grant to the unbelievers a way (to triumphs) over the believers."
Quran (63:8) - "...might belongs to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not." The "hypocrites" are defined as Muslims in name only. They are accused of failing to submit to the theocracy of Allah.
Quran (5:49) - "So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires, but beware of them lest they seduce thee from some part of that which Allah hath revealed unto thee" Allah's Quran takes priority over the desires of the people. A democratic nation is, by nature, one that is not governed by Islamic law, meaning that a Muslim citizen would have divided loyalty. It's clear from this verse which side he must choose.
Quran (3:28) - "Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah." The word 'friend' is Awliyaa which is inclusive of friends, protectors and helpers - the components of civil society. See also verse 5:51
Quran (4:123) - "Not your desires, nor those of the People of the Book (can prevail): whoever works evil, will be requited accordingly. Nor will he find, besides Allah, any protector or helper."
Quran (28:17) - "O my Lord! For that Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace on me, never shall I be a help to those who sin!" It is difficult to reconcile this verse with the civic duty of a public office holder in a pluralistic society.
Quran (4:59) - "O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority from among you..." Oddly enough, this verse is sometimes used in an attempt to make the case that Muslims should respect a non-Muslim civil government. But a careful reading makes it clear that the rulers Muslims are to obey are from among their own body of believers. This verse commands strict obedience to the leader (even if he steals and flogs them, according to a hadith reported by Sahih Muslim). How can this refer to a non-Muslim leader when other parts of the Quran call for violent Jihad against persecution from non-believers?
See also 9:29, which establishes the ideal relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims.

Hadith and Sira

Sahih Muslim (19:4294) - "When you meet your enemies who are polytheists [Christians], invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withhold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them ... If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them"

Sahih Bukhari (53:392) - While we were in the Mosque, the Prophet came out and said, "Let us go to the Jews." We went out till we reached Bait-ul-Midras. He said to them, "If you embrace Islam, you will be safe. You should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle, and I want to expel you from this land. So, if anyone amongst you owns some property, he is permitted to sell it, otherwise you should know that the Earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle." 

Notes

In Islam, loyalty is to Allah and his religion. It cannot be to a kafir country. As the former mufti of the Grand Mosque in Mecca put it in a recent fatwa, "His homeland may not be Islamic, so how can he be loyal to his homeland?"
Scholar Jamal Badawi (a favorite of CAIR) insists that, "Muslims should not melt in any pot except the Muslim brotherhood pot."
Recap Erdogan, the Turkish leader who began his country's transition from secularism to Islamism in thuggish fashion said, "You cannot be both secular and a Muslim! You will either be a Muslim, or secular. And why is that? Because Allah, the creator of the Muslim, has absolute power and rule."
Interestingly, critics of Islam are raked over the coals for pointing out what Islamic scholars teach openly.  In 2018, an Istanbul university lecturer stated that "Islam and the concept of the Ummah is a decentralizing force for the nation-state [because] the Ummah transcends boundaries."  (He went on to add that "Islamophobia" is a product of secularism).   
A CAIR executive director (in the United States) recently said, "if we are practicing Muslims, we are above the law of the land."
The Calcutta Quran Petition says of Muslim communities that "even fresh converts tend to become highly orthodox people and follow the sayings of [the Quran] with a fanatical zeal with the result that whichever country as their sizable number amongst its population can never have peace on its soil." Where Muslim minorities exist, there is unusual social strain manifested by dissention, demand and disloyalty - as well as a cohesive group identity that resists self-reflection and thrives on the perception of victimization by the majority.
Islam teaches that nations are in one of two major categories - Dar-al Harb (house of war) and Dar-al-Islam (Muslim rule). Any nation that is not Muslim is therefore, by definition, at war with Islam (or, at best, in contradiction to the preferred order). Muslims cannot be expected to maintain loyalty to a nation that is at war with their religion.
One of the most influential Islamic scholars of the modern age, Egyptian Sayyid Qutb:
The fatherland is that place where the Islamic faith, the Islamic way of life and the Shari'ah of God is dominant; only this meaning of 'fatherland' is worth of the human being. There is only one place on earth which can be called the home of Islam (Dar-ul-Islam), and it is that place where the Islamic state is established and the Shari'ah is the authority and God's limits are observed, and where all the Muslims administer the affairs of the state with mutual consultation. The rest of the world is the home of hostility (Dar-ul-Harb). A Muslim can have only two possible relations with Dar-ul-Harb: peace with a contractual agreement, or war. A country with which there is a treaty will not be considered the home of Islam (source)
To be fair, some Muslim scholars also contend that there is a middle ground, Dar al-Ahd (land of covenant) or Dar al-Sulh (land of truce), in which non-Muslim countries agree to allow Muslims to practice their faith and evangelize freely in exchange for peace (rights that are formally denied to infidels in Islamic lands). Scholars consider this a transitional period leading to the eventual triumph of Islam via conversion. 
The practical definitions of Dar al-Ahd and Dar al-Sulh are somewhat nebulous. Some feel, for example, that denying Muslims their own system of law and Sharia courts constitutes an interference with Islam. Others believe that these states of condition only applied in Muhammad's day. Still others feel that a truce has a ten year-limit, and can be broken at any time by the Muslim party.
Another difficulty with these "middle ground" options is that there is no central authority to declare which non-Muslim nations fall outside the category of Dar al-Harb. Ultimately, true Muslims are citizens of the ummah (Islamic community) and not of any country - and the ummah currently has no recognized leader.
Even a government of Muslims is not necessarily a Muslim government. Islam requires Islamic law, therefore theocracy is the only pure form of government. In fact, this is what propels the vast majority of violence in the Muslim world, which victimizes nominal Muslims more than any other group.
Although Muslim apologists sometimes claim that Islamic terrorists aren't Muslim by virtue of the fact that they kill other Muslims, the Quran advocates striving against both unbelievers andhypocrites, the latter of which are Muslims who profess Islam, but do not support Islamic rule over the way of the infidel as required (see Muslim 20:4696).
'Hypocrites' include any 'Muslim' government which does not uphold strict Sharia, as well as those that make alliances with a non-Muslim country (thereby making covenants and truces quite difficult to legitimize). This is the real reason terrorists kill fellow Muslims, particularly local police, troops and officials who are in the service of such governments. 
Sayyid Qutb says that Muslims have a duty to overthrow any non-Islamic government by violent means. He explains:
"Islam is not merely a belief, so that it is enough merely to preach it. Islam, which is a way of life, takes practical steps to organize a movement for freeing man. Other societies do not give it [Islam] any opportunity to organize its followers according to its own method, and hence it is the duty of Islam to annihilate all such systems, as they are obstacles in the way of universal freedom. Only in this manner can the way of life be wholly dedicated to Allah, so that neither any human authority nor the question of servitude remains, as is the case in all other systems which are based on man's servitude to man." [Quoted from Andrew Bostom's The Legacy of Jihad]
Elsewhere, Qutb puts it more bluntly:
The foremost duty of Islam in this world is to depose Jahiliyyah (unbelievers) from the leadership of man, and to take the leadership into its own hands and enforce the particular way of life which is its permanent feature." [Quoted from Robert Spencer's Religion of Peace?]
In a book promoted by the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA), Islamic scholar Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi writes that "Islam wishes to destroy all States and Governments anywhere on the face of the earth which are opposed to the ideology and programme of Islam regardless of the country or the Nation that rules it. Islam requires the earth – not just a portion – but the whole planet.” (source)
Whether or not a Muslim believes in active rebellion against secular or non-Muslim rule (and most may not), it is does not change the fact that Islam is defined by allegiance to Allah and his self-proclaimed messenger, Muhammad. Therefore any extraneous loyalty that is in contradiction to what Allah has already established would be strictly forbidden.

[It should be noted that Muslims as individuals vary widely in their understanding of and allegiance to Islam.  While ideological scrutiny may be appropriate for certain sensitive positions in the intelligence, military or law enforcement communities, simply being a Muslim is notsufficient grounds for denying employment to or making assumptions about any such individual, including their patriotism.]

See also:
Respect for the national anthem and flag (Muslim fatwa, since removed)
Muslim Fatwa
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All Rights Reserved
Any comments can be directed to the Editor.
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